WhyNotWiki:Citing sources

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Citations  edit   (Category  edit) .

[–] Category:Citations
[+] Category:Paraphrases
[+] Category:Quotations
Citations
WhyNotWiki:Citing sources
Wrinkle / Sources/quotes


See also: Why do I copy such large amounts of source material verbatim from sources?, Citations, What to do when a reference link breaks, Quotes (has conventions for using (small) quotes)

Contents

[edit] Use of blockquotes

Distinguish between actual quotations from a source and my comments about a source.

Need to stop using <blocquote> directly and instead use a template that wraps it:

[edit] Example 1: web site, inline citation

{{cite web
| url = http://example.com/
| title = Some lovely web site
| date = 2006-11-30
| accessdate = ~~~~~
| first = Tyler
| last = Rick
| license = GNU FDL
}}

<blockquote>
blah blah blah

blah blah blah
</blockquote>

Rick, Tyler (2006-11-30). Some lovely web site (http://example.com/). Retrieved on 2007-01-30. (License: GNU FDL)

blah blah blah

blah blah blah

[edit] Example 2: citing a blog post

[edit] How to cite posts/comments on a forum/blog

Blog articles are easy, but what about comments, which don't usually have an associated URL? Same for forum posts, which are essentially the same thing (no URL)?

One idea I've tried is:

{article URL} : {poster name}:

post content...

Another is (for when I'm quoting from multiple posters):

{article URL} :

{poster name}:
post content...
{poster name}:
post content...

But on MediaWiki, it's a pain to multiple-indent multiple paragraphs.

It's easier when it's a flat thread, like comments on most blogs, but threads such as those on Slashdot are hierarchical. Which isn't to say that the hierarchy must be preserved when quoting, but sometimes when quoting a comment and its various replies in addition to other comments that aren't replies, it's tempting to want to show those relationships to some extent.

[edit] Include archive URL

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Citing_sources#WebCite

As suggested in the Wikipedia context, citations incorporating a link to a cached copy should look like the following:

and if the URL is no longer available or no longer contains the information:


[edit] How to cite parts of a thread on a forum/mailing list where somebody is quoting somebody else from a previous post

Example: [1]

On 1/12/07, Helder Ribeiro <hel...@gmail.com> wrote:

> That is, the exact same thing happens when you have a class include two
> modules and both implement the 'hello' method. There is no self-evident
> way of choosing, so you have to come up with an arbitrary choice like
> that of order of call to 'include'.

Yes, this is true.

However the issue is rarely with immediate dependencies, but dependency chains. 

...

Note that it is plain-text, so they can get away with doing things like hard line breaks and ">" at the beginning of each line. But on a web site / wiki, I don't want to do that. This is what I converted that into.

Brown, Gregory (2007-01-12 12:13). inheritance concept in ruby (http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.ruby/browse_thread/thread/aac34ed1e5ac40d1/c7b7d59e35c8ff25?lnk=gst&q=inheritance). Retrieved on 2007-02-02 11:20.

That is, the exact same thing happens when you have a class include two modules and both implement the 'hello' method. There is no self-evident way of choosing, so you have to come up with an arbitrary choice like that of order of call to 'include'.

Yes, this is true.

However the issue is rarely with immediate dependencies, but dependency chains.

It could also be done the other way:

Brown, Gregory (2007-01-12 12:13). inheritance concept in ruby (http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.ruby/browse_thread/thread/aac34ed1e5ac40d1/c7b7d59e35c8ff25?lnk=gst&q=inheritance). Retrieved on 2007-02-02 11:20.

That is, the exact same thing happens when you have a class include two modules and both implement the 'hello' method. There is no self-evident way of choosing, so you have to come up with an arbitrary choice like that of order of call to 'include'.

Yes, this is true.

However the issue is rarely with immediate dependencies, but dependency chains.

But the source becomes inaccurate/confusing.

I think I'd go with the first indentation style but have some special class for the blockquote, like "subquote".

Brown, Gregory (2007-01-12 12:13). inheritance concept in ruby (http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.ruby/browse_thread/thread/aac34ed1e5ac40d1/c7b7d59e35c8ff25?lnk=gst&q=inheritance). Retrieved on 2007-02-02 11:20.

That is, the exact same thing happens when you have a class include two modules and both implement the 'hello' method. There is no self-evident way of choosing, so you have to come up with an arbitrary choice like that of order of call to 'include'.

Yes, this is true.

However the issue is rarely with immediate dependencies, but dependency chains.

[edit] Example 3: citing a comment from a blog

{{cite web
| first = Eric
| commentdate = ~~~~~
| commenturl = http://www.randsinrepose.com/mt/lcom.cgi?entry_id=240
| url = http://www.randsinrepose.com/archives/2003/08/05/incrementalists_completionists.html
| accessdate = ~~~~~
}}

[edit] Example 9: using footnotes

    According to scientists, the Sun is pretty big;<ref>Miller, E: "The Sun.", page 23. Academic Press, 2005.</ref>
    however, the moon is not so big.<ref>Smith, R: "Size of the Moon", ''Scientific American'', 46(78):46.</ref>

    == Notes ==
    <references/>

According to scientists, the Sun is pretty big;[1] however, the moon is not so big.[2]

[edit] Pullquotes

[edit] Templates

parent source?

[edit] How it's done on Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#How_to_cite_sources

[edit] How to cite sources

All citations require a detailed full citation. Many also include a brief inline reference.

Full citations may be formatted by hand or using one of the citation templates. These are placed under a separate references section.

...

  • ...
  • Footnotes (most often using <ref> and <references/> elements)
  • Follow the system used for an article's existing citations. Do not change formats without checking for objections on the talk page. If there is no agreement, prefer the style used by the first major contributor.
  • When sources are mentioned within the body of an article, it is helpful to identify them clearly on the first mention. For example, this would mean including the first name and surname, that is, the full name the person usually uses. Even better is to include some information about the person's relevant background, such as, "John Smith, a history professor at Yale University, writes that ..."
  • It is helpful to briefly mention in the citation what claim it is that is being referenced. This allows later editors to tell whether it's a phrase, sentence or paragraph that's being documented, and also to find undocumented claims sneaking into paragraphs that were otherwise referenced.

[edit] Embedded HTML links

Web pages referenced in an article can be linked to directly by enclosing the URL in square brackets. For example, a reference to a newspaper article can be embedded like: [http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1601858,00.html], which looks like this: [2]

A full citation is also required in the References section.

* {{cite news |last=Plunkett |first=John |url=http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1601858,00.html |title=Sorrell accuses Murdoch of panic buying |publisher=The Guardian |date=2005-10-27 |accessdate=2005-10-27}}

which appears as:

...

[edit] Full citations

All citation techniques require detailed full citations to be shown in a References section following the text.

Full citations may be formatted by hand or using one of the citation templates.

Full citations typically include: the name of the author, the title of the book or article, and the date of publication. Page numbers are essential whenever possible. The name of the publisher and its city is optional. The ISBN of a book is optional. Journal articles should include volume number, issue number and page numbers. Citations for newspaper articles typically include the title of the article in quotes, the byline (author's name), the name of the newspaper in italics, date of publication, and the date you retrieved it if it is online.

For a book: in the case of two authors, this might be:

For an article: in the case of (Traynor 2005) or (The Guardian, December 17, 2005), this might be:

It is crucial that complete references be provided for each distinct edition referred to (or cited) in the article, and that each such in-line citation provide enough information to distinguish between editions.

[edit] Templates

Citation templates are available to help format citations for various source formats: books, encyclopedias, journals, theses, papers, websites, comic strips, videos, and editorial comics. Although they help to maintain a consistent citation style across articles, and specify the citation data unambiguously, the use of these templates is not required by Wikipedia:Citing sources, and is neither encouraged nor discouraged by any other Wikipedia citation guideline. Templates may be used at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with the other editors on the article. Some editors find them helpful, while other editors find them annoying, particularly when used inline in the text. Because they are optional, editors should not add templates without consensus.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Embedded_citations

One advantage of embedded links is that it is easy for readers and editors to check sources by clicking on the links and jumping immediately to the cited articles. Another advantage is that links are easy to create and maintain.

A disadvantage is that many embedded links soon become dead links. Another disadvantage is that the reader has to deal with at least two citation systems on a page, since embedded links will not work when no link is available.


[edit] ref tags (footnotes)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes

Example:

    According to scientists, the Sun is pretty big;<ref>Miller, E: "The Sun.", page 23. Academic Press, 2005.</ref>
    however, the moon is not so big.<ref>Smith, R: "Size of the Moon", ''Scientific American'', 46(78):46.</ref>

    == Notes ==
    <references/>

[edit] Citing a footnote more than once

To give a footnote a unique identifier, use <ref name="name"> ... </ref>. You can then refer to the same footnote again by using a ref tag with the same name. The name cannot be a number, or the extension will return an error.


[edit] Specific templates, tags, tools, etc. used

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages/Sources_of_articles/Citation_quick_reference

[edit] Citing the web

{{cite web}}

{{cite web
| url = 
| title = 
| accessdate =   | accessmonthday =  | accessyear = 
| author =       | last =  | first = 
| authorlink = 
| coauthors = 
| date =         | year =  | month = 
| work =         | publisher = 
| pages =  | format =  | language =  | quote = 
| archiveurl =  | archivedate = 
}}

This template is specifically for web sites which are not news sources. See also citation templates for more on templates for citing open-source web content in Wikipedia articles. Here are some convenient examples.

Common form for cases where little is known about authorship of the page (with current date)

{{cite web |url= |title= |accessdate=2008-12-01 |format= |work= }}

Using author (with current date)

{{cite web |url= |title= |accessdate=2008-12-01 |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher= |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}

Using last, first (with current date)

{{cite web |url= |title= |accessdate=2008-12-01 |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher= |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}

The most common parameters are as follows. See also the complete documentation in Template:Cite web.

  • url (required): URL of online item.
  • title (required): Title of online item.
  • one of accessdate in YYYY-MM-DD format with no wikilink (e.g. "accessdate = 2006-02-17"), or accessmonthday and accessyear, for example "accessmonthday = May 10 |accessyear = 2005". (One or the other required.)
  • either author, or last and first to produce last, first. Don't wikilink these; instead use authorlink to link to the appropriate wikipedia article. Does not work with URLs. Add optional coauthors to record additional authors. (optional)
  • date: Full date of publication, YYYY-MM-DD format, e.g. 2006-02-17. May be wikilinked. Or, use year, and optionally month. If you also have the day, use date instead. (optional)
  • archiveurl: URL of the archive location of the item, and archivedate: Date when the item was archived, in YYYY-MM-DD format, e.g. 2006-02-17. Must not be wikilinked; the template will link it automatically. (optional, but must use both together or neither)

[edit] Tools

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#How_to_cite_sources

[edit] Tools

  • See the references and further reading sections of this article for numerous links to formatting details and style guides.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes#See_also

  • meta:Cite.php - description of the <ref>...</ref>/<references/> system at metawiki
  • meta:Biblio - Biblio.php, an extension of Mediawiki which provides a citation manager. (beta maturity)

[edit] Keep an eye on

http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikicite

This version of the project proposal refers to an idea for standardizing how facts are cited.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Wikicite

The pages for this project have been moved to Meta- see m:Wikicite. In brief, though, Wikicite is an umbrella for several projects aimed at providing Wikipedia with a scholarly infrastructure and will include among its deliverables such stand-alone resources as m:Wikicat- an editable bibliographic catalog.

http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikicat

Wikicat is the bibliographic catalog used by the Wikicite and WikiTextrose projects. It will be implemented as a Wikidata dataset using a datamodel design based upon IFLA's Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: final report (FRBR) [3], the various ISBD standards, the Library of Congress's MARC 21 specification, the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules'

The Logical Structure of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules and Resource Description and Access (RDA), and the International Committee for Documentation (CIDOC)'s Conceptual Reference Model (CRM)[4]. The history and inter-relation of these various cataloging standards is described in RDA presentations.

http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiTextrose

WikiTextrose is a text relationship database for mapping the various interactions between interpretable artifacts (i.e. "texts"). Though the project is inspired by long-established theories in the field of citation analysis, it expands upon these by considering all the ways in which one text may interact with another.

http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/sj/2005/06/22#a919

MetaWiki, WikiCite, and WorldCat
Jeff Young and Outgoing's Thom Hickey are working on developing a Metawiki to hold structured metadata along with each record.

[edit] How to cite a page from another wiki (like Wikipedia)

Should I do a full citation, like this:

Copyright (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright). Retrieved on 2007-01-30 22:06.

or just an inter-wiki link, like this:

w:Copyright

?

Fields that are irrelevant: date (since it's constantly changing), author

Fields that can be inherited from parent source (the wiki site): license

Additional fields that would be nice to have: revision ID (so we can go and look at the revision that was actually being cited on "retrieved date")


It's constantly changing!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_Wikipedia

  • Most citation styles will likely require the full article URL. You can click "Permanent link" in the toolbox at the left of this page. This lets the URL include a unique identifier such that you can tie your reference back to the exact version of the article you are referencing. It may or may not be desirable to adopt this approach, depending upon the context of your reference. This lets you show what you saw and ignore any changes made after you accessed the page. If greater brevity is desired, you can use the regular URL, or optionally just the site URL (e.g. http://en.wikipedia.org/ for an English article), because an article URL can be inferred from an article title.
  • The citation style may request the full date and time of the article revision you are using. If you use the permanent link feature, this may not be necessary. However, the date and time of the last revision can be found at the bottom of every page (above the copyright notice).


[edit] Cleanup

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CitationTool/Features&action=edit&section=1

  1. Convert bare references (i.e. [5]) to full Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameter url must be specified. citation templates by following links and extracting metadata.
  2. Automatically "WebCite" (cache/archive) cited URLs. WebCite has a relatively straightforward XML-based ASP for this, see http://www.webcitation.org/faq. Caching cited URLs with WebCite prevents Link rot and archives a snapshot of the URL an author meant to cite. The cited URL can either be replaced by a WebCite link (which contains the cited URL and caching date, or a unique snapshot ID) (note that this should be done only for new articles, otherwise we can't be sure if the page has been updated or disappeared), or the WebCite link could be added to the originally cited URL.

Can be automated with http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:CitationTool/Features ?


[edit] Question: How do you cite multi-page articles?

The "problem" is that each page may have an associated URI, so you can't just say "this is the URI for the article" and then put information/quotes from multiple pages.

It'd be nice if you could use some kind of XML-like markup:

<source name="source1" uri="http://example.com/articles/371" />
<quote source="#source1">
  <page n="1" uri="http://example.com/articles/371?page=1>
    ...
  </page>
  <page n="2" uri="http://example.com/articles/371?page=2>
    ...
  </page>
</quote>

In the meantime, I could just nest "quotation" templates or something...

[edit] Notes

  1. ↑ Miller, E: "The Sun.", page 23. Academic Press, 2005.
  2. ↑ Smith, R: "Size of the Moon", Scientific American, 46(78):46.
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