Revision as of 18:16, 8 May 2007 (view source) Tyler (Talk | contribs) ← Older edit		Revision as of 05:17, 11 May 2007 (view source) Tyler (Talk | contribs) Newer edit →
Line 169:		Line 169:
	Or see my example here: http://svn.tylerrick.com/public/ruby/init.d		Or see my example here: http://svn.tylerrick.com/public/ruby/init.d
		+	=Miscellaneous=
		+	=={{section category|Troubleshooting}} <code>Can’t write viminfo file $HOME/.viminfo</code> when doing <code>sudo vim</code> on Debian/Ubuntu==
		+	{{section category|Vim}}
		+
		+	I first noticed this on an Ubuntu box on which I was given root. Whenever I would <code>sudo vim</code> something, it would not have syntax highlighting turned on, even though <code>/root/.vimrc</code> had <code>syntax on</code>. In fact, it looked like it wasn't reading/using the <code>.vimrc</code> file at all. And when I would exit vim, I would get this error:
		+	<pre>
		+	E138: Can’t write viminfo file $HOME/.viminfo!
		+	</pre>
		+
		+	'''{{section category|Solutions|Solution}}''':
		+
		+	Add <code>env_reset</code> to the <code>Defaults</code> line in your <code>/etc/sudoers</code> file. For example:
		+	<pre>
		+	Defaults whatever,some_thing,env_reset
		+	</pre>
		+
		+	Credit for solution: http://stateless.geek.nz/2006/01/24/sudo-upgrade-from-debian-security-changes-env-handling/
	[[Category:Software]]		[[Category:Software]]

---

Revision as of 05:17, 11 May 2007

GNU/Linux  edit   (Category  edit) .

This is for miscellaneous GNU/Linux tips, including how to use miscellaneous commands that don't require their own sections.

Contents 1 Inspecting the system configuration 1.1 See what flavor of GNU/Linux you're running 1.2 dmesg: print out the bootup messages 1.3 How do I figure out which process is using a certain port? 2 Which distro should I use? 2.1 Recommendations 3 nohup: Run a command immune to hangups 4 daemontools 4.1 Dan Berstein's 4.1.1 How I installed daemontools? 4.1.2 How do we set up a new service? 4.1.3 How can I verify that it's running? 4.2 freedt: Free Daemontools 5 init.d 6 Miscellaneous 6.1 [Troubleshooting (category)] Can’t write viminfo file $HOME/.viminfo when doing sudo vim on Debian/Ubuntu

Inspecting the system configuration

See what flavor of GNU/Linux you're running

$ uname -r
2.6.7-gentoo-r10

$ uname -r
2.6.16-1.2069_FC4smp  [Fedora Core 4 Symmetric MultiProcessor]

# uname --help
Usage: uname [OPTION]...
Print certain system information.  With no OPTION, same as -s.

  -a, --all                print all information, in the following order:
  -s, --kernel-name        print the kernel name
  -n, --nodename           print the network node hostname
  -r, --kernel-release     print the kernel release
  -v, --kernel-version     print the kernel version
  -m, --machine            print the machine hardware name
  -p, --processor          print the processor type
  -i, --hardware-platform  print the hardware platform
  -o, --operating-system   print the operating system
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

dmesg: print out the bootup messages

dmesg

How do I figure out which process is using a certain port?

Or: I'm getting a "cannot bind; address/port already in use" error and I'm not sure which process to kill because I don't see anything listed by ps that looks like it would be that port...

(Lance showed me this trick...)

netstat -lnp

Look for the part number that is supposedly already in use; beside it, it show you which process id as well as which program that has tied up / is using that port. And then kill it:

kill -9 21457

Which distro should I use?

Ah yes, that question... one of the question that makes me hesitant to seriously consider switching completely to GNU.

So many choices... if only there were an obvious best choice!

Anyway, there isn't -- each one has its share of pros/cons -- so the best I can do is listen to the advice/recommendations of people I trust.

Recommendations

Ezra recommends Ubuntu for the desktop and Gentoo for the server.

nohup: Run a command immune to hangups

`nohup' runs the given COMMAND with hangup signals ignored, so that the
command can continue running in the background after you log out.
Synopsis:

     nohup COMMAND [ARG]...

   If standard input is a terminal, it is redirected from `/dev/null'
so that terminal sessions do not mistakenly consider the terminal to be
used by the command.  This is a GNU extension; programs intended to be
portable to non-GNU hosts should use `nohup COMMAND [ARG]... </dev/null'
instead.

   If standard output is a terminal, the command's standard output is
appended to the file `nohup.out'; if that cannot be written to, it is
appended to the file `$HOME/nohup.out'; and if that cannot be written
to, the command is not run.  Any `nohup.out' or `$HOME/nohup.out' file
created by `nohup' is made readable and writable only to the user,
regardless of the current umask settings.

   If standard error is a terminal, it is redirected to the same file
descriptor as the (possibly-redirected) standard output.

   `nohup' does not automatically put the command it runs in the
background; you must do that explicitly, by ending the command line
with an `&'.  Also, `nohup' does not alter the niceness of COMMAND; use
`nice' for that, e.g., `nohup nice COMMAND'.

daemontools

Dan Berstein's

http://cr.yp.to/daemontools.html

How I installed daemontools?

[root@studebaker ~]# yum install gcc

Put this script into file [root@studebaker ~]# ./install_daemontools.sh

    #!/bin/sh
    #
    # install daemontools on fedora/redhat linux
    #
    # Mike Jackson <mj@sci.fi> 5 NOV 2005
    #
    #
    mkdir /package
    chmod 1755 /package
    cd /package
    wget http://cr.yp.to/daemontools/daemontools-0.76.tar.gz
    tar xzvf daemontools-0.76.tar.gz
    rm -f daemontools-0.76.tar.gz
    cd admin/daemontools-0.76/src
    wget http://www.qmailrocks.org/downloads/patches/daemontools-0.76.errno.patch
    patch < daemontools-0.76.errno.patch
    cd ..
    package/install

That script downloads, compiles, and installs it.

After that, this process will be forever running, watching over everything: root 5069 0.0 0.0 1564 336 ? S 10:54 0:00 svscan /service

How do we set up a new service?

Create a file /service/whatever/run: -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 126 Mar 16 11:24 run

That's it! svscan automatically starts the service as soon as it sees that run command.

How can I verify that it's running?

> ps aux | grep whatever
> svstatus /service/whatever/

freedt: Free Daemontools

http://offog.org/code/freedt.html

freedt is a reimplementation of Dan Bernstein's daemontools under the GNU GPL, sharing no code with the original implementation.

init.d

You can write init.d scripts in bash or even [Ruby (category)]...

Peter Cooper. How to create a UNIX /etc/init.d startup script with Ruby (http://www.rubyinside.com/how-to-create-a-unix-etcinitd-startup-script-with-ruby-250.html). Retrieved on 2007-03-26 16:16.

Or see my example here: http://svn.tylerrick.com/public/ruby/init.d

Miscellaneous

[Troubleshooting (category)] Can’t write viminfo file $HOME/.viminfo when doing sudo vim on Debian/Ubuntu

[Vim (category)]

I first noticed this on an Ubuntu box on which I was given root. Whenever I would sudo vim something, it would not have syntax highlighting turned on, even though /root/.vimrc had syntax on. In fact, it looked like it wasn't reading/using the .vimrc file at all. And when I would exit vim, I would get this error:

E138: Can’t write viminfo file $HOME/.viminfo!

[Solution (category)]:

Add env_reset to the Defaults line in your /etc/sudoers file. For example:

Defaults whatever,some_thing,env_reset

Credit for solution: http://stateless.geek.nz/2006/01/24/sudo-upgrade-from-debian-security-changes-env-handling/